The Gentle Singularity
OpenAI's chief executive states that an average ChatGPT query uses about 0.34 Wh, roughly the same as the long-quoted figure for a search.
Public contributions
The growing energy footprint of artificial intelligence
The source of the comparison: estimated about 3 Wh per ChatGPT request against about 0.3 Wh for a standard Google search.
Measuring the environmental impact of AI inference | Google Cloud Blog
Google reports a median Gemini text-prompt energy measurement of 0.24 Wh with a stated production boundary. Demonstrates variation between deployments.
How much energy does ChatGPT use?
An updated analysis estimates a typical GPT-4o request near 0.3 Wh, substantially below the older 2.9 Wh figure. Challenges the fixed tenfold comparison.
Electricity 2024
The report circulated a comparison of roughly 2.9 Wh per ChatGPT request against 0.3 Wh per conventional search. Documents the historic basis of the tenfold assertion.
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
UK law names an author for a "computer-generated" work with no human author. Shows the US position is not universal.
Zarya of the Dawn registration decision (letter of 21 February 2023)
The Office kept copyright for the human-written text and arrangement of a comic but refused it for the images made with Midjourney. Shows where the line is drawn in a mixed work.
Thaler v. Perlmutter — appellate opinion
The appellate court affirmed that eligible authors under the Copyright Act must be human. Strengthens the legal basis for the narrowed claim.
Thaler v. Perlmutter — district court opinion
The court upheld refusal to register a work represented as autonomously computer-generated. Direct application of the human-authorship requirement.
Copyright and Artificial Intelligence, Part 2: Copyrightability
The report explains the human-authorship requirement and the limits of protection for AI-generated material, while allowing protection for sufficient human creative contributions.