Artificial intelligence for breast cancer detection in screening mammography in Sweden: a prospective, population-based, paired-reader, non-inferiority study

What this source establishes

The study claims that AI can perform mammography screening at least as effectively as a second radiologist in detecting breast cancer. This is because one radiologist supported by AI detected 261 cancers compared with 250 detected by two radiologists, producing a 4% higher non-inferior cancer detection rate.

Limitations

One site and one AI product; part-funded by the product's maker.

Supporting excerpt

Findings From April 1, 2021, to June 9, 2022, 58 344 women aged 40–74 years underwent regular mammography screening, of whom 55 581 were included in the study. 269 (0·5%) women were diagnosed with screen-detected breast cancer based on an initial positive read: double reading by one radiologist plus AI was non-inferior for cancer detection compared with double reading by two radiologists (261 [0·5%] vs 250 [0·4%] detected cases; relative proportion 1·04 [95% CI 1·00–1·09]). Single reading by AI (246 [0·4%] vs 250 [0·4%] detected cases; relative proportion 0·98 [0·93–1·04]) and triple reading by two radiologists plus AI (269 [0·5%] vs 250 [0·4%] detected cases; relative proportion 1·08 [1·04–1·11]) were also non-inferior to double reading by two radiologists.